T-LYMPHOCYTES Cell-mediated immunity especially intracellular organisms, protozoa & fungi Graft rejection Immune surveillance of neoplasia 70-80% of total lymphocytes Long-lived memory cells Activity is by cytokine production MALT, GALT Lymphocyte secreted cytokines THE ACQUIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM Specific & has immunologic memory Dedicated immune cells - the lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) Molecules that specifically counteract antigens (antibodies or immunoglobulins) Specific immune systems associated with barrier surfaces e.g. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM A reliable means of protecting the host in the first instance against many extracellular organisms It is a property of every living organism Unable to deal with all intracellular organisms (e.g protozoa, viruses & certain bacteria are not killed)
THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM The “Respiratory Burst” aka the “oxidative burst” membrane-bound NADPH system produces superoxide radicals hyperchlorous acid H 2 O 2 chloramines lysozyme, complement, antiproteases phagocytic & cytotoxic cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM Innate immunity comprises: physicochemical barriers molecules normally present in body fluids e.g. THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM Synonyms are the natural or native immune system Rapidly mobilised first line of defence Not dependent on prior exposure to a foreign invader Non-specific May not be sufficient to prevent foreign material persisting in the host INTRODUCTION Epitopes aka antigenic determinants Immunological cross-reactivity the sharing of epitopes by different substances toxoids & immunisation INTRODUCTION Immunogenicity is the capacity to induce an immune response by foreign, complex, high molecular weight compounds Antigenicity is the ability to bind to Ig or immune cells an immune response need not result Haptens Immunology Natural (‘innate’) immune system Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, acids Property of all living creatures Adaptive (‘acquired’) immune system Specialist cells, cytokines, antibodies Specific and has ‘memory’ Specialised mucosal lymphoid tissue
#BASIC IMMUNOLOGY ABBAS NOTES REDDIT MAC#
Ĭoagulation Cascade Fibrinolytic Cascade Kinin Cascade Thrombin Plasmin Kallikrein Plasma Fibrinogen Complement Cascade MAC Bradykinin Fibrin XIIa PCV Cellular mediators The immune system comprises the tissues, cells & molecules which mount the immune response. Immunity is the ability of the host to protect itself against foreign organisms. INTRODUCTION Immunology is the study of host defence mechanisms.
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